![]() ![]() Superheated Steam - Entropy - The entropy of steam superheated to temperatures above saturation points.Superheated Steam - Enthalpy - Enthalpy of steam superheated to temperatures above it's boiling point.Steam Flow - Steam pipes and pressure drop diagrams - imperial and metric units. Steam Pipes - Online Pressure drop Calculator - Calculate pressure drops in steam distribution pipe lines.Steam Heating Systems - Classifications - Steam systems carries heat through pipes from the boiler to consumers as heat exchangers, process equipment etc.Steam Heating Air - Calculate steam heated air systems.Steam Entropy - Basic steam thermodynamics - entropy diagram.Steam and Vapor Enthalpy - Vapor and steam enthalpy, specific enthalpy of saturated liquid, saturated vapor and superheated vapor.Saturated Steam - Properties with Imperial Units - Steam table with sensible, latent and total heat, and specific volume at different gauge pressures and temperatures.Properties of Saturated Steam - SI Units - Saturated Steam Table with steam properties as specific volume, density, specific enthalpy and specific entropy.Liquids - Vapor Pressures - Vapor and saturation pressure for some common liquids.Latent Heat Flow - Latent heat is the heat when supplied to or removed from air results in a change in moisture content - the temperature of the air is not changed.Heating Water by Injecting Steam - Water can be heated by injecting steam.Flash Steam Generation (bar) - The amount of flash steam generated depends on steam pressure and pressure in the condensate lines.Flash Steam Generation - Fundamental Physics - Tutorial to the basic physics behind flash steam generation.Control Valves - Cavitation - Control valves and cavitation, application ratio and multi stage control valves.Condensate Pipes - Flash Steam Generated - Calculate flash steam generation in condensate pipe lines.Thermodynamics - Thermodynamics of steam and condensate systems.Steam and Condensate - Steam & condensate systems- properties, capacities, pipe sizing, systems configuration and more.With higher pressure - more energy can be transferred in a steam distribution system. Note! The specific volume of steam decreases with increased pressure - and the amount of heat energy distributed by the same volume increase.The evaporation heat is 2046.53 kJ/kg at 7 bar g. The specific enthalpy of vaporization decreases with steam pressure. The heat energy (enthalpy of evaporation) needed at 7 bar g to vaporize the water to steam is actually less than required at atmospheric pressure. According the table 720.94 kJ is required to raise 1 kg of water from 0 oC to saturation temperature 170 oC. More heat energy is required to raise its temperature to saturation point at 7 bar g than needed when the water is at atmospheric pressure. In a steam distribution system the pressure is always more than 0 bar gauge.Īt 7 bar g ( absolute 8 bar) the saturation temperature of water is 170.42 oC. Steam at atmospheric pressure is of a limited practical use because it cannot be conveyed by its own pressure along a steam pipe to the points of use. = 2675.43 kJ/kg Example - Boiling Water at 170 oC and 7 bar (700 kPa) Atmospheric Pressure ![]() ![]() The total specific enthalpy for steam at 0 bar gauge is: Therefore at 0 bar g ( absolute 1 bar) the specific enthalpy of vaporation is 2257.19 kJ/kg. Therefore the specific enthalpy of water at 0 bar g (absolute 1 bar ) and 100 oC is 417.51 kJ/kg.Īnother 2257.92 kJ of energy is required to evaporate 1 kg of water at 100 oC into 1 kg of steam at 100 oC. Vacuum steam is the general term used for saturated steam at temperatures below 100☌.Įxample - Boiling Water at 100 oC, 0 bar (100 kPa) Atmospheric PressureĪt atmospheric pressure (0 bar g, absolute 1 bar ) water boils at 100 oC and 417.51 kJ of energy is required to heat 1 kg of water from 0 oC to evaporating temperature 100 oC.1) 1 bar abs = 0 bar gauge = 100 kPa abs = atmospheric pressure ![]()
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